What Is the Purpose of an Operational Safetyã¢â‚¬â€¹ Review

Traffic Point Timing Manual

Contact Data: Operations Feedback at OperationsFeedback@dot.gov

This publication is an archived publication and replaced with the Signal Timing Manual - Second Edition.

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Tabular array of Contents

Observe

Documentation Page

• i.0 INTRODUCTION
• 1.i BACKGROUND
  • one.1.ane Purpose of Traffic Signals
  • 1.i.2 Intersection Pattern and its Human relationship to Indicate Timing
  • 1.1.3 Objectives of Basic Indicate Timing Parameters and Settings
  • 1.one.four Establishing the Need for Retiming
  • one.one.5 Benefits of Up-to-Appointment Timing
• 1.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE MANUAL
• i.three USE OF THE Manual
• one.iv REFERENCES

• two.0 Bespeak TIMING POLICY
• 2.1 Policy Development
  • ii.1.1 Policy Influence on Signal Timing
  • 2.1.2 Challenges to Betoken Timing Policy Development
  • 2.ane.three Use of Standards
• 2.two Signal Timing Process
  • ii.2.1 Signal Timing Maintenance and Data Management
  • two.ii.2 Hardware and Software Considerations
  • two.2.3 Selection of Optimization Tools and Evaluation of Policies
  • 2.two.4 Other Policy Considerations
• two.three Operation Measures and National Perspective in Signal Timing
  • 2.iii.1 National Traffic Signal Report Bill of fare
  • 2.3.2 National Indicate Timing Findings
• ii.4 Funding Considerations
  • 2.four.one Direct Point Timing Funding
  • 2.4.2 Partnerships for Funding Indicate Timing
• 2.5 Examples of Programs
• 2.6 References

• three.0 OPERATIONAL AND SAFETY ANALYSIS
• iii.1 Terminology
• iii.two Characteristics Affecting Signal Timing
  • iii.two.one Location
  • three.2.2 Transportation Network Characteristics
  • 3.ii.3 Intersection Geometry
  • 3.two.four User Characteristics
• 3.3 Capacity and Critical Movement Assay
  • 3.iii.1 Basic Operational Principles
  • 3.3.ii Saturation Menstruum Rate
  • 3.3.3 Lost Fourth dimension
  • 3.3.four Chapters
  • 3.3.v Volume-to-Capacity Ratio
  • 3.3.6 Critical Movement Analysis
• three.four Intersection-Level Operation Measures and Analysis Techniques
  • three.4.1 Operation Measures
  • 3.4.2 Evaluation Techniques: The HCM Process for Signalized Intersections
  • 3.4.3 Practical Operational Approximations
  • three.4.four Intersection-Level Field Measurement
• 3.v Arterial- and Network-Level Performance Measures and Prediction Techniques
  • 3.5.i Arterial- and Network-Level Performance Measures
  • 3.5.2 Evaluation Techniques
  • three.5.3 Arterial and Network Field Measurement Techniques
• 3.6 Safety Assessment
  • 3.half dozen.1 Crash Data Review
  • three.half dozen.2 Quantitative Prophylactic Assessment
• 3.7 Signal Warrants
• iii.8 References

• four.0 TRAFFIC Betoken Pattern CONCEPTS
• four.ane Overview
  • 4.1.1 Relationship between Signal Timing and Traffic Control Design
  • 4.i.two Traffic Point System Design
• 4.2 Phasing Overview
  • 4.2.1 Definitions and Terminology
  • 4.two.2 Band-and-Bulwark Diagrams
• four.iii Left-Turn Display Options
  • 4.three.1 Permissive But Left-Turn Phasing
  • 4.iii.2 Protected Only Left-Turn Phasing
  • four.three.iii Protected-Permissive Left-Turn Phasing
  • 4.3.four Separate Phasing
  • 4.3.5 Prohibition of Left-Turns as a Phasing Choice
  • four.iii.6 Guidelines for Selecting Left-Turn Phasing
• 4.4 Left-Turn Phase Sequence Options
  • four.4.1 Lead-Lead Left-Turn Phase Sequence
  • 4.4.2 Lag-Lag Left-Turn Phase Sequence
  • four.4.3 Lead-Lag Left-Turn Phase Sequence
• 4.5 Pedestrian Phasing
• 4.6 Correct-Turn Phasing
• 4.7 Detection Fundamentals
  • iv.seven.one Detection Pattern Objectives
  • 4.7.2 Detector Operating Modes
  • iv.7.3 Controller Memory Modes
  • four.7.iv Detection Pattern for High-Speed Approaches
  • 4.7.five Detection Design for Low-Speed Traffic Movements
• 4.viii Detection Applications
  • 4.8.i Bones Fully-Actuated Design
  • 4.8.ii Volume-Density Pattern
  • four.8.3 Multiple-Detector Design
  • four.8.iv Left-Turn Movements
  • 4.8.v Correct-Plough Movements
• 4.9 References

• 5.0 Basic Point TIMING Process AND CONTROLLER PARAMETERS
• 5.1 Terminology and Key Definitions
• v.two Modes of Traffic Signal Operation and Their Apply
  • 5.ii.one Pre-timed Command
  • 5.two.2 Semi-Actuated Control
  • 5.2.three Fully-Actuated Command
• five.3 Phase Intervals and Bones Parameters
  • five.3.1 Vehicular Green Interval
  • 5.3.2 Vehicular Alter and Clearance Intervals
  • 5.3.iii Pedestrian Timing Intervals
• 5.4 Actuated Timing Parameters
  • five.four.ane Phase Recalls
  • 5.4.2 Passage Time
  • five.4.3 Simultaneous Gap
  • v.4.4 Dual Entry
• 5.five Book-Density Features
  • 5.5.ane Gap Reduction
  • 5.v.ii Variable Initial
• v.half dozen Detection Configuration and Parameters
  • 5.6.1 Delay
  • five.six.2 Extend
  • 5.vi.3 Carryover
  • 5.half dozen.4 Call
  • 5.6.v Queue
• 5.7 Guidelines for Time-Base Controls
• 5.8 References

• 6.0 COORDINATION
• 6.1 Terminology
• 6.2 Principles of Coordinated Operation
  • 6.ii.1 Coordination Objectives
  • six.two.2 When to Utilise Coordination
  • 6.two.3 Fundamentals of Coordination
  • 6.2.4 Summary
• six.iii Coordination Mechanics
  • half dozen.3.one Cycle Length
  • 6.3.ii Yield Point
  • half dozen.three.iii Splits
  • 6.3.four Offsets
  • 6.3.5 Other Coordination Settings
  • half dozen.3.half dozen Pre-timed and Actuated Comparison
• half-dozen.4 Fourth dimension-Space Diagram
  • vi.four.1 Basic Concepts (Fourth dimension, Distance, Speed, and Delay)
  • 6.four.2 Left-Turn Phasing
  • half dozen.iv.3 Bandwidth
• 6.v Transition Logic
  • 6.five.1 Example Awarding of Fourth dimension Based Coordination Transition
  • vi.5.2 Transition Modes
  • 6.5.3 Operational Guidelines
• 6.6 Coordination Timing Plan Guidelines
  • 6.6.1 Coordinated Phase Assignment
  • half-dozen.6.2 Cycle Length Selection
  • half-dozen.6.iii Split Distribution
  • 6.6.4 Offset Optimization
• half dozen.vii Coordination Complexities
  • 6.7.one Hardware Limitations
  • 6.seven.two Pedestrians
  • 6.seven.iii Phase Sequence
  • 6.7.4 Early Render to Greenish
  • 6.7.5 Heavy Side Street Volumes
  • 6.7.6 Turn Bay Interactions
  • 6.7.vii Disquisitional Intersection Command
  • 6.7.8 Oversaturated Conditions
• 6.viii REFERENCES

• seven.0 DEVELOPING Betoken TIMING PLANS
• vii.one OVERVIEW
  • 7.1.one Indicate Timing Process
  • 7.one.2 Frequency of Timing Updates
  • vii.1.three Steps
• 7.2 Projection Scoping
  • vii.2.1 Decide Objectives based on Point Timing Policies
  • 7.2.2 Confirm Standards and Procedures
  • 7.ii.3 Dividing the Organisation into Sections
  • 7.2.four Select Performance Measures
  • 7.2.5 Identify the Number of Timing Plans
• 7.iii Data Drove
  • vii.3.1 Traffic Volumes
  • 7.3.2 Intersection Geometry and Control
  • vii.3.3 Field Review
  • 7.three.4 Existing Signal Timing
  • vii.3.5 Intersection Assay
• 7.iv Model Evolution
  • 7.4.1 Data Input
  • 7.four.2 Assay
  • seven.4.iii Draft Timing Plans
  • 7.4.4 Concluding Timing Plans
• 7.5 Field Implementation and Fine Tuning
• vii.6 Evaluation of Timing
  • seven.half dozen.1 Performance Measurement
  • 7.vi.2 Policy Confirmation and Reporting
• seven.vii References

• 8.0 SIGNAL TIMING MAINTENANCE: OPERATIONS AND MONITORING
• viii.ane Overview
• viii.ii Traffic Signal Operations
  • 8.ii.ane Signal Timing Maintenance Activities
  • eight.2.2 Reasons for Signal Timing Maintenance
• 8.3 Day-to-Solar day Operations
  • 8.3.1 Signal Retiming
  • eight.three.ii Signal Timing Inventory
  • 8.iii.3 Staff Training
  • eight.3.4 Responding to Denizen Calls
  • viii.3.five Incident Direction and Planned Special Events
• eight.4 Staffing Needs
  • 8.iv.one Background Information
  • 8.4.two Staff Positions and Roles
  • viii.4.3 Staff Needs
• 8.5 References

• nine.0 ADVANCED SIGNAL TIMING CONCEPTS
• 9.1 Traffic Signal Preemption
  • 9.1.1 Preemption Overview
  • ix.1.two Event on Bespeak Timing
  • 9.1.3 Example Applications
• 9.2 Traffic Signal Priority
  • ix.ane.4 Traffic Betoken Priority Overview
  • ix.1.v Effect on Bespeak Timing
  • 9.1.half-dozen Examples of Transit Indicate Priority
• 9.iii Traffic Responsive Functioning
  • 9.1.7 Traffic Responsive Overview
  • 9.1.8 Techniques - Operational
• 9.4 Adaptive Traffic Bespeak Control
  • 9.1.9 Adaptive Traffic Signal Command Overview
  • ix.1.10 Adaptive Control Concepts
  • 9.1.11 Examples of Adaptive Traffic Control Systems
• 9.v Planned Special Events, Incident, & Emergency Management
  • nine.1.12 Overview
  • ix.1.xiii Techniques â€" Operational
  • 9.ane.xiv Policy/Institutional Strategies
  • 9.1.15 Example Implementations
• ix.6 Weather-Related Factors that Influence Indicate Timing
  • ix.1.xvi Weather-Related Factors Overview
  • 9.1.17 Techniques â€" Operational
• ix.seven References

1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washingtion, DC 20590

June 2008

Publication Number: FHWA-HOP-08-024

Task Order Under Contract Number: DTFH61-98-C-00075

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Source: https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop08024/index.htm

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